Which navigation technique is NOT appropriate while flying "Nap of the Earth" based on the Factor of Geographic Orientation "Timing and Sequence"?

The navigation technique that is not appropriate while flying "Nap of the Earth," particularly based on the Factor of Geographic Orientation "Timing and Sequence," is dead reckoning. In the context of low-level flying, such as "Nap of the Earth," pilots must maintain a high level of situational awareness, which includes knowing their precise location relative to the terrain and obstructions.

Dead reckoning relies on calculations of time, speed, and distance to estimate one's current position, which can be challenging and less reliable when flying close to the ground with rapidly changing terrain. It does not account for visual cues or immediate environmental changes, making it less suitable for this dynamic environment where timing and real-time situational adjustments are critical.

In contrast, pilotage involves using visual references, which are crucial in low-level flying, and time and distance management ensures that the pilot can effectively plan their route in relation to the terrain and obstacles. Radio navigation can also provide important positional information, enhancing safety and awareness during the flight. These methods align better with the requirements of maintaining situational awareness and adapting to the environment during low-level operations.