What type of navigation uses correlation between features observed and their depiction on the map?

Pilotage is a navigation technique that involves using visual references in the environment and correlating them with their representation on a map. This method requires the navigator to maintain situational awareness by observing prominent landmarks, terrain features, and other identifiable objects, ensuring they match the features depicted on the map they are using. This correlation allows for effective navigation, especially in areas where electronic navigation aids may not be available or reliable.

In contrast, dead reckoning relies solely on calculating position based on speed, time, and direction without reference to external visual features, making it less effective in unfamiliar or featureless terrain. Radio navigation employs electronic signals for location determination, which does not involve visual correlation with a map. Ground speed estimation is about measuring how fast the aircraft is traveling over the ground rather than correlating physical features with map depiction. Thus, pilotage stands out as the correct choice for navigating by correlating observed features with map illustrations.